Katastersymposium der OVG
Am 22.11. besuchte ich als aktives Mitglied das Katastersymposium der OVG in Wien. Der Titel des Symposioms, insbesondere der Leitsatz „Innovation trifft Tradition: Gegensatz oder Herausforderung“ machte mich auf die veranschlagten Vorträge neugierig.
Der Kataster in seiner Tradition
Alle Präsentationen waren sehr gut vorbereitet und bieteten einen guten geschichtlichen Gesamtüberblick aber mit den letzten beiden Sprechern auch einen sehr spannenden futuristischen Ausblick, wie sich der Kataster möglicherweise entwickeln könnte.
Der Keynote von Prof. Wessely und auch die ersten drei Vorträge (Werner Hoffmann vom BEV, Dieter Kollenprat vom BAIK und Erwin Kraus von der Gebietskörperschaft Land OÖ) legten großen Wert darauf, den Kataster in seiner geschichtlichen Tradition zu loben.
Angefangen von seiner Gründung des Fransziszeischen Katasters und den Ursachen dazu vor 200 Jahren, die vollständige flächendeckende Erfassung im Jahre 1861 (personeller Aufwand von 8000 Mannpartien in insgesamt 44 Jahren), den Einzug in das digitale Zeitalter (seit 1957), die Einführung des Grenzkatasters mit dem Vermessungsgesetz 1969 und die Entstehung der Digitalen Katastralmappe (DKM) waren die geschichtlichen Highlights der Vorträge.
Diese großen Veränderungen und Entwicklungsschritte im Kataster waren zu jener Zeit jede für sich große Innovationen und brachten den österreichischen Kataster genau dorthin, wo er jetzt ist. Für die zukünftigen Herausforderungen und Innovationen beschränkten sich diese ersten Vortragenden jedoch auf eher zeitnahe Prozesse wie z.B. die vollständige Digitalisierung, den 3D-Kataster, Seritutseintragungen oder geringfügige Metadatenerweiterungen.
Nach der Mittagspause folgten zwei weitere Vorträge des Präsidenten der Notariatskammer und eines Rechtswissenschaftlers der Uni Linz, wo der Kataster aus Sicht der Notariatskammer und der Rechtswissenschaften beleuchtet wurde.
Der Kataster der Innovation für die Zukunft
Gerhard Navratil von der TU-Wien spannte seinen Bogen im Bereich der Innovationen schon etwas weiter. Da wir uns mittlerweile in einer stark digitalen Welt befinden, sollte der Kataster der Zukunft wesentlich mehr Attribute und Metadaten beinhalten. Die Dimensionserweiterung um die dritte Dimension für eine unterirdische Stadtentwicklung wird zwingend erforderlich werden. Die vierte Dimension der Zeit bringt eine wesentliche Verbesserung in der Zuverlässigkeit der Katasterdaten. Crowdsourcing als Metadatenbeschaffung könnte im zukünftigen Kataster möglich werden, wobei die Entwicklung des Katasters als Web 2.0 eine große technische Herausforderung darstelle.
Im letzten und meiner Meinung nach interessantesten Vortrag zeichnete Eva Maria Unger vom niederländischen Katasteramt eine Vision ihres zukünftigen Katasters. Die unaufhaltbare Digitalisierung und somit die Flut an Geoinformationen fordert zwangsläufig eine größere Interaktion zwischen allen Akteuren und den Daten. Durch die Bereitstellung von OpenData könnten möglicherweise neue Metadaten in den Kataster Einzug finden (z.B. mit Hilfe von automatisierter Extraktion durch künstliche Intelligenz)
. Ein Bitsquare ist vielleicht die neue Einheit für die Grundsteuerberechnung und wird zur Standardtransaktionseinheit. Augmentet Reality und Building Information werden in den Katasterdaten der Zukunft stark an Bedeutung gewinnen und vielleicht gibt es in Zukunft „Cadastrobots“, die Flächen selbstfahrend oder -fliegend automatisiert Vermessen und somit Katasterkarten ‚on the flight‘ produzieren.
Durch diese doch sehr ambitionierten Ausführungen wurde das Publikum recht unruhig und ein recht ungläubiges Raunen, fast schon Protestieren füllte den Raum. Es schien, als sei die Mehrheit der Zuhörer nicht einer Meinung mit der Vortragenden, was die Entwicklungen im österreichischen Kataster betrifft.
Es wird erst die Zukunft bringen, welche Visionen im Kataster umgesetzt werden und wie der Kataster in einigen Jahren bzw
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. Jahrzehnten aussehen wird. Die technischen Möglichkeiten jedenfalls zeigen große Potentiale aber auch Risiken, mit denen sich das BEV als Administration des Katasters in den kommenden Jahren auseinandersetzen muss.
„Das (österreichische) Landadministrationssystem der Zukunft“ wird als Beitrag in der nächsten Ausgabe der VGI erscheinen, ich bedanke mich schon jetzt für die Bereitstellung des Bildes bei Eva Maria Unger und Gerhard Navratil.
Nach der Kaffeepause war eine Podiumsdiskussion anberaumt, bei denen vier Katasterexperten über die Visionen und Möglichkeiten diskutiert haben. Eine kurze Zusammenfassung meinerseits ist im folgenden Beitrag zu finden.
Die Bilder und alle Vorträge des Symposiums finden Sie auf der Homepage der OVG.